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latex:feynman [2018/07/04 17:55] – [Penguin diagrams] iwnlatex:feynman [2024/08/24 17:50] (current) – [How to make Feynman diagrams in LaTeX] iwn
Line 4: Line 4:
  
   * [[https://www.ctan.org/pkg/feynmf|downloadable package on CTAN]];   * [[https://www.ctan.org/pkg/feynmf|downloadable package on CTAN]];
-  * [[http://www.pd.infn.it/TeX/doc/latex/feynmf/manual.pdf|feynMF manual (T. Ohl, 1997)]];+  * [[https://ctan.math.illinois.edu/macros/latex/contrib/feynmf/fmfman.pdf|feynMF manual (T. Ohl, 1997)]];
   * for advanced stuff with ''MetaPost'', check out [[https://www.tug.org/docs/metapost/mpman.pdf|the MetaPost manual (J.D. Hobby, 2017)]], [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/9505351.pdf|this paper]], [[http://www.pragma-ade.com/general/manuals/metafun-s.pdf|this tutorial]] and [[latex:feynman#intermediate_modehow_to_use_metapost|this section]];   * for advanced stuff with ''MetaPost'', check out [[https://www.tug.org/docs/metapost/mpman.pdf|the MetaPost manual (J.D. Hobby, 2017)]], [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/9505351.pdf|this paper]], [[http://www.pragma-ade.com/general/manuals/metafun-s.pdf|this tutorial]] and [[latex:feynman#intermediate_modehow_to_use_metapost|this section]];
   * [[http://osksn2.hep.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp/~taku/osx/fmfsamples.pdf|feynMF examples (T. Yamanaka, 2006)]];   * [[http://osksn2.hep.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp/~taku/osx/fmfsamples.pdf|feynMF examples (T. Yamanaka, 2006)]];
Line 11: Line 11:
   * [[https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/viewauth/CMS/SUSYSimplifiedModelDiagrams|ready-made SUSY diagrams (images)]], with the [[https://github.com/CMS-SUS-XPAG/SUSYDiagrams|code (GitHub)]];   * [[https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/viewauth/CMS/SUSYSimplifiedModelDiagrams|ready-made SUSY diagrams (images)]], with the [[https://github.com/CMS-SUS-XPAG/SUSYDiagrams|code (GitHub)]];
   * [[http://osksn2.hep.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp/~taku/osx/feynmp_latexit.html|how to set up feynMP in LaTeXiT on Mac OS X]] to make Feynman diagrams as standalone images (strongly recommended);   * [[http://osksn2.hep.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp/~taku/osx/feynmp_latexit.html|how to set up feynMP in LaTeXiT on Mac OS X]] to make Feynman diagrams as standalone images (strongly recommended);
 +  * [[https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Feynman_diagrams#Other_packages_for_drawing_Feynman_diagrams|Excelent tutorial by Overleaf]];
   * [[latex:feynman_file|macro for typesetting Feynman graphs in a LaTeX file]];   * [[latex:feynman_file|macro for typesetting Feynman graphs in a LaTeX file]];
-  * [[latex:feynman_equation_file|using Feynman diagrams in equation in a LaTeX text]]. +  * [[latex:feynman_equation_file|using Feynman diagrams in equation in a LaTeX text]]; 
- +  * [[latex:tikz|more general TikZ diagrams]].
  
  ===== Simple example: electron - muon scattering =====  ===== Simple example: electron - muon scattering =====
Line 62: Line 62:
 Checkout the [[http://www.pd.infn.it/TeX/doc/latex/feynmf/manual.pdf|feynMF manual]] for all the available line styles, line options, vertex options and all their parameters. Checkout the [[http://www.pd.infn.it/TeX/doc/latex/feynmf/manual.pdf|feynMF manual]] for all the available line styles, line options, vertex options and all their parameters.
  
-<WRAP group><WRAP half column 55% centeralign> +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% centeralign> 
-**Table 1**: Available line styles  of ''\fmf''+\\ \\ \\ \\ 
-{{ latex:fmfmp_line_styles_table.png ? 420 }} +**Table 1**: Available line styles  for ''\fmf''
-</WRAP><WRAP half column 37% centeralign > +{{ latex:fmfmp_line_styles_table.png ? 500 }} 
-**Table 2**: Available line options of ''\fmf''+</WRAP><WRAP half column 36% centeralign > 
-{{ latex:fmfmp_line_options_table.png ? 270 }}+**Table 2**: Available style parameters for ''\fmf''
 +{{ latex:fmfmp_line_styles_table2.png ? 600 }} 
 +\\ 
 +**Table 3**: Available line options for ''\fmf''
 +{{ latex:fmfmp_line_options_table.png ? 600 }}
 \\ \\
-**Table 3**: Available vertex options of ''\fmfv''+**Table 4**: Available vertex options for ''\fmfv''
-{{ latex:fmfmp_vertex_options_table.png ? 300 }}+{{ latex:fmfmp_vertex_options_table.png ? 600 }}
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
  
Line 231: Line 235:
     \fmfleft{i0,i1,i2}     \fmfleft{i0,i1,i2}
     \fmfright{o1,o2,o3,o4}     \fmfright{o1,o2,o3,o4}
-    % fermions+    % outgoing fermions
     \fmf{fermion}{o1,v21,o2}     \fmf{fermion}{o1,v21,o2}
     \fmf{fermion}{o3,v22,o4}     \fmf{fermion}{o3,v22,o4}
Line 239: Line 243:
     \fmf{phantom}{i2,v22}     \fmf{phantom}{i2,v22}
     \fmffreeze     \fmffreeze
-    % HWW+    % H -> WW
     \fmf{dashes,tension=1.5}{i1,v1}     \fmf{dashes,tension=1.5}{i1,v1}
     \fmf{boson}{v1,v21}     \fmf{boson}{v1,v21}
Line 252: Line 256:
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
  
 +===== Forcing vertices at desired (x,y) positions =====
 +
 +If you do not like puzzling with phantom lines and tension, you could force the vertex at an exact location using ''\fmfforce{(0.4w,0.7h)}{v}'', which places the vertex ''v'' at the x position that is 40% of the width from the left, and at the y position that is 70% of the height from the bottom. (Note however that the feynMF manual states it should be used as a last resort only.) The alternative is to use intermediate mode with MetaPost which is explained in a [[#intermediate_modehow_to_use_metapost|section below]].
 +
 +It is also possible to use ''\fmfshift'' to shift vertices. This can be used for outgoing point created with ''\fmfleft'' etc., but also internal vertices after they have been frozen with ''\fmffreeze''.
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column>
 +<code latex>
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph}(150,150)
 +    \fmfstraight
 +    \fmfleft{i}
 +    \fmfright{o1,o2,o3,o4}
 +    % force vertex locations
 +    \fmfforce{(0.40w,0.50h)}{v}
 +    \fmfforce{(0.68w,0.20h)}{v1}
 +    \fmfforce{(0.68w,0.80h)}{v2}
 +    % H -> WW
 +    \fmf{dashes,tension=1.5}{i,v}
 +    \fmf{boson}{v,v1}
 +    \fmf{boson}{v,v2}
 +    % outgoing fermions
 +    \fmf{fermion}{o1,v1,o2}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{o3,v2,o4}
 +  \end{fmfgraph}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column>
 +\\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:hww_phantom.png ? 0x260 }}
 +\\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
  
  ===== Adding momentum arrows =====   ===== Adding momentum arrows ===== 
Line 298: Line 334:
 \\ \\ \\ \\
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
-\\ \\ 
  
  
  
 + ===== Bent lines and loop ===== 
  
 +Lines can be bent by simply adding ''right'' or ''left''. Here is for example the one-loop correction to the electron-photon vertex to compute the anomalous magnetic momentum:
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column lo 55%>
 +<code latex>
 +\LARGE
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(70,100)
 +    \fmfleft{f2,f1}
 +    \fmfright{p} % outgoing photon
 +    \fmf{boson,l.s=left,t=0.8}{p,v}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{f2,v1}
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1.5}{v1,v,v2}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v2,f1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=165,l=e$^-$}{f1} % outcoming electron
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-165,l=e$^-$}{f2} % incoming electron
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{boson,left}{v1,v2} % bend photon line to the left
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column lo 40%>
 +{{ latex:feynman:electron_vertex_loop.png ? 210 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +More examples can be found below in the sections on [[#higgs_mass_loop_corrections_with_susy_and_vlqs|Higgs mass corrections]] and [[#penguin_diagrams|Penguin diagrams]].
 +\\ \\
  ====== Intermediate mode: How to use MetaPost ======  ====== Intermediate mode: How to use MetaPost ======
  
-If you don't like puzzling with ''phantom'' lines and tension, you can gain greater control by using ''feynMP'''s "intermediate mode" to use ''MetaPost'' more directly. ''\fmfipairs'' and ''\fmfiequ'' gives the ability to exactly position vertices, and ''\fmfi'' allow to draw straight and curved lines between these points.+If you don't like puzzling with ''phantom'' lines and tension, you can use ''\fmfforce'' as explained in a [[#forcing_vertices_at_desired_x_y_positions|section above]]. You can gain even greater control by using ''feynMP'''s "intermediate mode" to use ''MetaPost'' more directly. ''\fmfipairs'' and ''\fmfiequ'' gives the ability to exactly position vertices, and ''\fmfi'' allow to draw straight and curved lines between these points.
  
 The next level is executing ''MetaPost'' commands directly with ''\fmfcmd''. The next level is executing ''MetaPost'' commands directly with ''\fmfcmd''.
Line 505: Line 567:
  
 Some Feynman diagrams contributing to top quark pair production via gluon-gluon fusion: Some Feynman diagrams contributing to top quark pair production via gluon-gluon fusion:
 +
 +Full code for a {{latex:feynman:ttbar.pdf|multipage PDF}} including all figures below can be found [[latex:feynman:ttbar|here]].
  
 <WRAP group><WRAP half column lo> <WRAP group><WRAP half column lo>
Line 512: Line 576:
     \fmfleft{i2,i1}     \fmfleft{i2,i1}
     \fmfright{o2,o1}     \fmfright{o2,o1}
 +    % main
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1,i2}
     \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2,o1}     \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2,o1}
-    \fmf{gluon}{i2,v1,i1} +    \fmf{gluon,label=$g$,label.side=right,label.dist=10}{v2,v1} 
-    \fmf{gluon,label=$g$}{v1,v2+    % labels 
-    \fmflabel{$g$}{i1} +    \fmflabel{$q$}{i1} 
-    \fmflabel{$g$}{i2}+    \fmflabel{$\overline{q}$}{i2}
     \fmflabel{$\overline{\text{t}}$}{o2}     \fmflabel{$\overline{\text{t}}$}{o2}
     \fmflabel{t}{o1}     \fmflabel{t}{o1}
Line 524: Line 590:
 </WRAP><WRAP half column> </WRAP><WRAP half column>
 \\ \\
-{{ latex:ggttbar1.png ? 220 }}+{{ latex:feynman:qqttbar.png ? 220 }}
 \\ \\
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
Line 532: Line 598:
 \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph} \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
   \begin{fmfgraph*}(110,60)   \begin{fmfgraph*}(110,60)
-    \fmfleft{i2,i1}  +    \fmfleft{i2,i1} 
-    \fmfright{o2,o1}  +    \fmfright{o2,o1} 
-    \fmf{gluon}{v1,i1}  +    \fmfshift{2 left}{i1} 
-    \fmf{fermion}{v1,o1} +    \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2,o1} 
-    \fmf{gluon}{i2,v2+    \fmf{gluon}{v1,i1
-    \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2+    \fmf{gluon}{v1,i2
-    \fmf{fermion,label=t}{v2,v1+    \fmf{gluon,label=$g$}{v1,v2
-    \fmflabel{$g$}{i2} +    % labels 
-    \fmflabel{$g$}{i1}+    \fmfv{l.d=4,l=$g$}{i1
 +    \fmfv{l.d=6,l=$g$}{i2} 
 +    \fmflabel{$\overline{\text{t}}$}{o2}
     \fmflabel{t}{o1}     \fmflabel{t}{o1}
-    \fmflabel{$\overline{\text{t}}$}{o2} 
   \end{fmfgraph*}   \end{fmfgraph*}
 \end{fmffile} \end{fmffile}
Line 548: Line 615:
 </WRAP><WRAP half column> </WRAP><WRAP half column>
 \\ \\
-{{ latex:ggttbar2.png ? 220 }}+{{ latex:feynman:ggttbar1.png ? 220 }}
 \\ \\
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
Line 558: Line 625:
     \fmfleft{i2,i1}     \fmfleft{i2,i1}
     \fmfright{o2,o1}     \fmfright{o2,o1}
-    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1,i2} +    % main 
-    \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2,o1+    \fmf{gluon}{v1,i1} 
-    \fmf{gluon,label=$g$,label.side=right,label.dist=10}{v2,v1} +    \fmf{fermion}{v1,o1} 
-    \fmflabel{$q$}{i1+    \fmf{gluon}{i2,v2
-    \fmflabel{$\overline{q}$}{i2+    \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2} 
-    \fmflabel{$\overline{\text{t}}$}{o2+    \fmf{fermion,label=t}{v2,v1} 
-    \fmflabel{t}{o1}+    % labels 
 +    \fmflabel{$g$}{i2
 +    \fmflabel{$g$}{i1} 
 +    \fmfv{l.d=7,l.a=22,l=t}{o1
 +    \fmfv{l.d=7,l.a=-20,l=$\overline{\text{t}}$}{o2}
   \end{fmfgraph*}   \end{fmfgraph*}
 \end{fmffile} \end{fmffile}
Line 570: Line 641:
 </WRAP><WRAP half column> </WRAP><WRAP half column>
 \\ \\
-{{ latex:qqttbar.png ? 220 }}+{{ latex:feynman:ggttbar3.png ? 220 }}
 \\ \\
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
  
- +With radiated quarks or gluons that will form hard jets:
- +
-With jets:+
  
 <WRAP group><WRAP half column lo> <WRAP group><WRAP half column lo>
Line 582: Line 651:
 \large \large
 \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph} \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
-  \begin{fmfgraph*}(125,75)+  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,70)
     \fmfleft{i2,i1}     \fmfleft{i2,i1}
     \fmfright{o2,o1}     \fmfright{o2,o1}
     \fmftop{t}     \fmftop{t}
 +    \fmfshift{5 up}{t}
 +    % skeleton
     \fmf{phantom}{i1,v1,i2}     \fmf{phantom}{i1,v1,i2}
     \fmf{phantom}{o1,v2,o2}     \fmf{phantom}{o1,v2,o2}
     \fmf{phantom}{v1,v2}     \fmf{phantom}{v1,v2}
     \fmffreeze     \fmffreeze
-    \fmfshift{5 left}{i1} +    % main 
-    \fmfshift{5 up}{i1,t+    \fmf{fermion}{i1,g
-    \fmf{gluon,tension=0.8}{g,i1+    \fmf{plain,tension=2.8}{g,v1
-    \fmf{fermion}{v1,g+    \fmf{fermion}{v1,i2
-    \fmf{gluon}{v1,i2} +    \fmf{gluon,tension=0}{t,g}
-    \fmf{fermion,tension=0}{g,t}+
     \fmf{gluon}{v1,v2}     \fmf{gluon}{v1,v2}
     \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2,o1}     \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2,o1}
-    \fmflabel{$g$}{i1} +    % labels 
-    \fmflabel{$g$}{i2} +    \fmflabel{$q$}{i1} 
-    \fmflabel{$\overline{\text{t}}$}{o2} +    \fmflabel{$\overline{q}$}{i2
-    \fmflabel{t}{o1}+    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=25,l=$g$}{t
 +    \fmflabel{$\bar{\text{t}}$}{o2} 
 +    \fmflabel{$\text{t}$}{o1}
   \end{fmfgraph*}   \end{fmfgraph*}
 \end{fmffile} \end{fmffile}
Line 607: Line 679:
 </WRAP><WRAP half column> </WRAP><WRAP half column>
 \\ \\ \\ \\
-{{ latex:ggttbar_quark.png ? 220 }}+{{ latex:feynman:qqttbar_gluon.png ? 220 }}
 \\ \\ \\ \\
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
- 
  
  
Line 617: Line 688:
 \large \large
 \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph} \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
-  \begin{fmfgraph*}(125,75)+  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,75)
     \fmfleft{i2,i1}     \fmfleft{i2,i1}
     \fmfright{o2,o1}     \fmfright{o2,o1}
     \fmftop{t}     \fmftop{t}
 +    \fmfshift{4 left}{i1}
 +    \fmfshift{2 left}{i2}
 +    \fmfshift{5 up}{t}
 +    % skeleton
     \fmf{phantom}{i1,v1,i2}     \fmf{phantom}{i1,v1,i2}
     \fmf{phantom}{o1,v2,o2}     \fmf{phantom}{o1,v2,o2}
-    \fmf{phantom}{v1,v2}+    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.2}{v1,v2}
     \fmffreeze     \fmffreeze
-    %\fmfshift{5 left}{i1} +    % main
-    %\fmfshift{5 up}{i1,t}+
     \fmf{gluon,tension=0.8}{g,i1}     \fmf{gluon,tension=0.8}{g,i1}
     \fmf{fermion}{v1,g}     \fmf{fermion}{v1,g}
-    \fmf{fermion}{i2,v1}+    \fmf{gluon}{v1,i2}
     \fmf{fermion,tension=0}{g,t}     \fmf{fermion,tension=0}{g,t}
     \fmf{gluon}{v1,v2}     \fmf{gluon}{v1,v2}
     \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2,o1}     \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2,o1}
-    \fmflabel{$g$}{i1} +    % labels 
-    \fmflabel{$q$}{i2} +    \fmfv{l.d=4,l=$g$}{i1} 
-    \fmflabel{$\overline{\text{t}}$}{o2} +    \fmfv{l.d=6,l=$g$}{i2
-    \fmflabel{t}{o1}+    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=25,l=$q$}{t
 +    \fmflabel{$\bar{\text{t}}$}{o2} 
 +    \fmflabel{$\text{t}$}{o1}
   \end{fmfgraph*}   \end{fmfgraph*}
 \end{fmffile} \end{fmffile}
Line 642: Line 718:
 </WRAP><WRAP half column> </WRAP><WRAP half column>
 \\ \\ \\ \\
-{{ latex:gqttbar_quark.png ? 220 }}+{{ latex:feynman:ggttbar_quark.png ? 220 }}
 \\ \\ \\ \\
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
Line 652: Line 728:
 \large \large
 \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph} \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
-  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,70)+  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,75)
     \fmfleft{i2,i1}     \fmfleft{i2,i1}
     \fmfright{o2,o1}     \fmfright{o2,o1}
     \fmftop{t}     \fmftop{t}
 +    \fmfshift{4 left}{i1}
 +    \fmfshift{2 left}{i2}
 +    \fmfshift{5 up}{t}
 +    % skeleton
     \fmf{phantom}{i1,v1,i2}     \fmf{phantom}{i1,v1,i2}
     \fmf{phantom}{o1,v2,o2}     \fmf{phantom}{o1,v2,o2}
-    \fmf{phantom}{v1,v2}+    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.2}{v1,v2}
     \fmffreeze     \fmffreeze
-    \fmf{fermion}{i1,g} +    % main 
-    \fmf{plain,tension=2.8}{g,v1+    \fmf{gluon,tension=0.8}{g,i1
-    \fmf{fermion}{v1,i2} +    \fmf{fermion}{v1,g} 
-    \fmf{gluon,tension=0}{t,g}+    \fmf{fermion}{i2,v1
 +    \fmf{fermion,tension=0}{g,t}
     \fmf{gluon}{v1,v2}     \fmf{gluon}{v1,v2}
     \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2,o1}     \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2,o1}
-    \fmflabel{$q$}{i1} +    % labels 
-    \fmflabel{$\overline{q}$}{i2+    \fmfv{l.d=4,l=$g$}{i1} 
-    \fmflabel{$\overline{\text{t}}$}{o2} +    \fmfv{l.d=6,l=$q$}{i2} 
-    \fmflabel{t}{o1}+    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=25,l=$q$}{t
 +    \fmflabel{$\bar{\text{t}}$}{o2} 
 +    \fmflabel{$\text{t}$}{o1}
   \end{fmfgraph*}   \end{fmfgraph*}
 \end{fmffile} \end{fmffile}
Line 675: Line 758:
 </WRAP><WRAP half column> </WRAP><WRAP half column>
 \\ \\ \\ \\
-{{ latex:gqttbar_quark.png ? 220 }}+{{ latex:feynman:gqttbar_quark.png ? 220 }}
 \\ \\ \\ \\
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
Line 699: Line 782:
     \fmf{boson,label=$\text{Z}/\gamma^*$,label.side=right}{v1,v2}     \fmf{boson,label=$\text{Z}/\gamma^*$,label.side=right}{v1,v2}
     \fmflabel{$q$}{i1}     \fmflabel{$q$}{i1}
-    \fmflabel{$q'$}{i2} +    \fmflabel{$\overline{q}$}{i2} 
-    \fmflabel{$\bar{\ell}$}{o2} +    \fmflabel{$\ell^+$}{o2} 
-    \fmflabel{$\ell$}{o1}+    \fmflabel{$\ell^-$}{o1}
   \end{fmfgraph*}   \end{fmfgraph*}
 \end{fmffile} \end{fmffile}
Line 736: Line 819:
     \fmflabel{$g$}{i1}     \fmflabel{$g$}{i1}
     \fmflabel{$q$}{i2}     \fmflabel{$q$}{i2}
-    \fmflabel{$q'$}{t} +    \fmfv{l.a=25,l=$q$}{t} 
-    \fmflabel{$\bar{\ell}$}{o2} +    \fmflabel{$\ell^+$}{o2} 
-    \fmflabel{$\ell$}{o1}+    \fmflabel{$\ell^-$}{o1}
   \end{fmfgraph*}   \end{fmfgraph*}
 \end{fmffile} \end{fmffile}
Line 768: Line 851:
     \fmflabel{$q$}{i1}     \fmflabel{$q$}{i1}
     \fmflabel{$q'$}{i2}     \fmflabel{$q'$}{i2}
-    \fmflabel{$\bar{\ell}$}{o2} +    \fmflabel{$\ell^+$}{o2} 
-    \fmflabel{$\ell$}{o1}+    \fmflabel{$\ell^-$}{o1}
   \end{fmfgraph*}   \end{fmfgraph*}
 \end{fmffile} \end{fmffile}
Line 1532: Line 1615:
 \large \large
 \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph} \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
-  \begin{fmfgraph*}(130,130+  \begin{fmfgraph*}(180,140) 
-    \fmfleft{d,d,g2,d,g1,d,d+    \fmfstraight 
-    \fmfright{b2,d,t2,d,t1,d,b1+    \fmfleft{i2,g2,g1,i1
-    \fmf{gluon,tension=2}{v1,g1} +    \fmfright{o4,o3,o2,o1} 
-    \fmf{gluon,tension=2}{g2,v2+    \fmftop{top} 
-    \fmf{phantom}{v1,t1} +    \fmfbottom{bot} 
-    \fmf{phantom}{v2,t2}+    % gluon 
 +    \fmf{gluon,tension=2.6}{t1,g1} 
 +    \fmf{gluon,tension=2.6}{g2,t2
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=0.4}{o1,t1,o3
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=0.4}{o2,t2,o4}
     \fmffreeze     \fmffreeze
-    \fmf{fermion}{b2,v2,v3,v1,b1+    % top loop 
-    \fmf{dashes,tension=1.5,label=$a$,l.s=left}{v3,a+    \fmf{fermion,tension=1.0}{t1,t3,t2,t1} 
-    \fmf{fermion}{t2,a,t1}+    \fmf{phantom,tension=0.4}{o3,t3,o2} 
 +    \fmffreeze 
 +    % Higgs bosons 
 +    \fmf{dashes,tension=1.4,label=H,l.s=left}{t3,h} 
 +    \fmf{dashes,tension=1.2,label=$a$,l.s=right}{v1,h,v2} 
 +    % decay products 
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=0.8}{top,v1} 
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=0.8}{v2,bot} 
 +    \fmfshift{16 down}{o1} 
 +    \fmfshift{ 8 down}{o2} 
 +    \fmfshift{ 8 up}{o3} 
 +    \fmfshift{16 up}{o4
 +    \fmf{fermion,tension=1.8}{o2,v1,o1} 
 +    \fmf{fermion,tension=1.8}{o4,v2,o3} 
 +    % labels
     \fmflabel{$g$}{g1}     \fmflabel{$g$}{g1}
     \fmflabel{$g$}{g2}     \fmflabel{$g$}{g2}
-    \fmflabel{$\tau^-$}{t1+    \fmflabel{$\text{b}$}{o1
-    \fmflabel{$\tau^+$}{t2+    \fmflabel{$\overline{\text{b}}$}{o2
-    \fmflabel{$b$}{b1+    \fmflabel{$\tau^-$}{o3
-    \fmflabel{$\overline{\text{b}}$}{b2}+    \fmflabel{$\tau^+$}{o4}
   \end{fmfgraph*}   \end{fmfgraph*}
 \end{fmffile} \end{fmffile}
Line 1597: Line 1698:
 \\ \\ \\ \\
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
- 
  ===== Leptoquark =====  ===== Leptoquark =====
  
 Here are some examples of processes with leptoquarks. Here are some examples of processes with leptoquarks.
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\LARGE
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(100,80)
 +    \fmfleft{LQ}
 +    \fmfright{q,l}
 +    \fmf{dashes,l.s=left,t=1.2}{LQ,v}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v,q}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v,l}
 +    \fmfv{l=LQ}{LQ}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-28,l=$q$}{q}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=28,l=$\ell$}{l}
 +    \fmfdot{v}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=115,l=\large$\lambda_{\ell q}$}{v}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 +\\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lq_coupling_lq.png ? 250 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +
 +
 + ==== Pair production ====
  
 <WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo> <WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
Line 1606: Line 1734:
 \large \large
 \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph} \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
-  \begin{fmfgraph*}(140,100+  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,120) 
-    \fmfleft{i2,i1} +    \fmfstraight 
-    \fmfright{o2,l2,l1+    \fmfleft{i2,g2,d,g1,i1} 
-    % gluon + quarks +    \fmfright{o4,o3,o2,o1} 
-    \fmf{gluon}{i1,v1+    \fmftop{top} 
-    \fmf{fermion}{i2,v2,o2+    \fmfbottom{bot
-    \fmflabel{$g$}{i1+    % gluonS 
-    \fmflabel{$q$}{i2+    \fmf{gluon,tension=1.4}{v,g1
-    \fmflabel{$\ell$}{o2+    \fmf{gluon,tension=1.4}{g2,v
-    % LQs +    \fmf{gluon,tension=1.6}{v,h
-    \fmf{dashes_arrow,label=LQ,label.side=left}{v2,v1,LQ+    \fmf{dashes,tension=1.2,label=LQ,l.s=right}{v1,h
-    % LQ -> lepton + quark +    \fmf{dashes,tension=1.2,label=$\overline{\text{LQ}}$,l.s=right}{h,v2
-    \fmf{fermion}{l2,LQ,l1+    % decay products 
-    \fmflabel{$q$}{l1+    \fmf{phantom,tension=0.8}{top,v1
-    \fmflabel{$\overline{\ell}$}{l2}+    \fmf{phantom,tension=0.8}{v2,bot
 +    \fmfshift{16 down}{o1} 
 +    \fmfshift{ 8 down}{o2} 
 +    \fmfshift{ 8 up}{o3} 
 +    \fmfshift{16 up}{o4} 
 +    \fmf{fermion,tension=1.8}{o1,v1,o2} 
 +    \fmf{fermion,tension=1.8}{o4,v2,o3} 
 +    % labels 
 +    \fmflabel{$g$}{g1} 
 +    \fmflabel{$g$}{g2
 +    \fmflabel{$\overline{\ell}$}{o1} 
 +    \fmflabel{$q$}{o2} 
 +    \fmflabel{$\ell$}{o3} 
 +    \fmflabel{$\overline{q}$}{o4}
   \end{fmfgraph*}   \end{fmfgraph*}
 \end{fmffile} \end{fmffile}
Line 1626: Line 1767:
 </WRAP><WRAP 40% column> </WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 \\ \\ \\ \\
-{{ latex:lq_single_t-channel_llq.png ? 250 }}+{{ latex:feynman:lq_pair_qqll.png ? 400 }}
 \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
Line 1634: Line 1775:
 \large \large
 \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph} \begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
-  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,100)+  \begin{fmfgraph*}(100,120)
     \fmfstraight     \fmfstraight
-    \fmfleft{i2,i1} +    \fmfleft{i2,g,i1} 
-    \fmfright{o2,l2,l1+    \fmfright{o4,o3,o2,o1} 
-    % skeleton +    \fmftop{top} 
-    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.8}{i1,v1+    \fmfbottom{bot
-    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.0}{v1,l1+    % gluonS 
-    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.8}{v1,v2} +    \fmf{gluon,tension=1.6}{g,h
-    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.8}{i2,v2+    \fmf{dashes,tension=1.3,label=LQ,l.s=right}{v1,h
-    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.0}{v2,o2+    \fmf{dashes,tension=1.3,label=$\overline{\text{LQ}}$,l.s=right}{h,v2} 
-    \fmffreeze +    % decay products 
-    % gluon + quarks +    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.0}{top,v1
-    \fmf{gluon}{i1,v1+    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.0}{v2,bot
-    \fmf{fermion}{i2,v2,o2} +    \fmfshift{16 down}{o1
-    \fmflabel{$g$}{i1+    \fmfshift8 down}{o2} 
-    \fmflabel{$q$}{i2} +    \fmfshift8 up}{o3
-    \fmflabel{$\ell$}{o2} +    \fmfshift{16 up}{o4
-    % LQs +    \fmf{fermion,tension=1.8}{o1,v1,o2
-    \fmf{dashes_arrow,tension=1.2,label=LQ,label.side=left}{v1,LQ+    \fmf{fermion,tension=1.8}{o4,v2,o3
-    \fmf{dashes_arrow,label=LQ,label.side=left}{v2,v1+    % labels 
-    % LQ -> lepton + quark +    \fmflabel{$g$}{g
-    \fmf{fermion}{l2,LQ,l1+    \fmflabel{$\tau^+$}{o1
-    \fmfshift{5 right}{l1,l2+    \fmflabel{b}{o2} 
-    \fmfshift{20 left}{o2} +    \fmflabel{\vspace{8pt}$\tau^-$}{o3
-    \fmflabel{$q$}{l1+    \fmflabel{$\overline{\text{b}}$}{o4}
-    \fmflabel{$\overline{\ell}$}{l2}+
   \end{fmfgraph*}   \end{fmfgraph*}
 \end{fmffile} \end{fmffile}
 </code> </code>
 </WRAP><WRAP 40% column> </WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
-\\ \\ \\ \\ +\\ \\ 
-{{ latex:lq_single_t-channel_llq_straight.png ? 250 }} +{{ latex:feynman:lq_pair_bbtautau_short.png ? 250 }} 
-\\ \\ \\ \\ \\+\\ \\ \\
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +
 +
 + ==== Single production ====
  
 <WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo> <WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
Line 1685: Line 1829:
     \fmflabel{$\ell$}{o2}     \fmflabel{$\ell$}{o2}
     % LQ     % LQ
-    \fmf{dashes_arrow,label=LQ,label.side=left}{v2,LQ}+    \fmf{dashes,label=LQ,label.side=left}{v2,LQ}
     % LQ -> lepton + quark     % LQ -> lepton + quark
     \fmf{fermion}{l2,LQ,l1}     \fmf{fermion}{l2,LQ,l1}
Line 1696: Line 1840:
 </WRAP><WRAP 40% column> </WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
-{{ latex:lq_single_s-channel_llq.png ? 250 }}+{{ latex:feynman:lq_single_qll_skewed.png ? 250 }}
 \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
Line 1730: Line 1874:
     \fmflabel{$\ell$}{l}     \fmflabel{$\ell$}{l}
     % LQ     % LQ
-    \fmf{dashes_arrow,tension=1.2,label=LQ,label.side=left}{v2,LQ}+    \fmf{dashes,tension=1.2,label=LQ,label.side=left}{v2,LQ}
     % LQ -> lepton + quark     % LQ -> lepton + quark
     \fmf{fermion}{l2,LQ,l1}     \fmf{fermion}{l2,LQ,l1}
Line 1741: Line 1885:
 </WRAP><WRAP 40% column> </WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
-{{ latex:lq_single_s-channel_llq_straight.png ? 250 }}+{{ latex:feynman:lq_single_qll.png ? 250 }}
 \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(140,100)
 +    \fmfleft{i2,i1}
 +    \fmfright{o2,l2,l1}
 +    % gluon + quarks
 +    \fmf{gluon}{i1,v1}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i2,v2,o2}
 +    \fmflabel{$g$}{i1}
 +    \fmflabel{$q$}{i2}
 +    \fmflabel{$\ell$}{o2}
 +    % LQs
 +    \fmf{dashes,label=LQ,label.side=left}{v2,v1,LQ}
 +    % LQ -> lepton + quark
 +    \fmf{fermion}{l2,LQ,l1}
 +    \fmflabel{$q$}{l1}
 +    \fmflabel{$\overline{\ell}$}{l2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 +\\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lq_single_qll2_skewed.png ? 250 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,100)
 +    \fmfstraight
 +    \fmfleft{i2,i1}
 +    \fmfright{o2,l2,l1}
 +    % skeleton
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.8}{i1,v1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.0}{v1,l1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.4}{v1,v2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.8}{i2,v2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.0}{v2,o2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % gluon + quarks
 +    \fmf{gluon}{i1,v1}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i2,v2,o2}
 +    \fmflabel{$g$}{i1}
 +    \fmflabel{$q$}{i2}
 +    \fmflabel{$\ell$}{o2}
 +    % LQs
 +    \fmf{dashes,tension=1.2,label=LQ,label.side=left}{v1,LQ}
 +    \fmf{dashes,label=LQ,label.side=left}{v2,v1}
 +    % LQ -> lepton + quark
 +    \fmf{fermion}{l2,LQ,l1}
 +    \fmfshift{5 right}{l1,l2}
 +    \fmfshift{20 left}{o2}
 +    \fmflabel{$q$}{l1}
 +    \fmflabel{$\overline{\ell}$}{l2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lq_single_qll2.png ? 250 }}
 +\\ \\ \\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
 +<code latex>
 +% preamble
 +\usepackage{xcolor}
 +\definecolor{myblue}{rgb}{.0,.13,.98} % 0,32,250
 +
 +% body
 +\large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(150,180)
 +    \fmfleft{i1,iq,i2,ip,i3}
 +    \fmfright{y1,y2,y3,d,o1,o2,f1,o3,f2,d,x3,x2,x1}
 +    \fmfset{arrow_len}{10}
 +    % skeleton
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.48}{vq,vp}
 +    \fmf{phantom}{ip,vp,x1}
 +    \fmf{phantom}{iq,vq,y1}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1.8}{vq,v1,vp}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1.8}{v1,v2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1}{o3,v2,o2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % partons
 +    \fmf{fermion,lab=$q$,l.s=right}{vp,v1}
 +    \fmf{gluon,lab=$g$,l.s=left}{vq,v1}
 +    % hard process
 +    \fmf{fermion,lab=$q$,l.s=right}{v1,v2}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v2,o1}
 +    \fmfshift{10 right}{f1,f2}
 +    \fmf{dashes,t=2,lab=LQ,l.s=left}{v2,vf}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.4}{x1,vf} % pull vf
 +    \fmf{fermion,t=1.4}{f1,vf,f2}
 +    % proton 1
 +    \fmf{phantom}{ip,vp}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__ip,__vp) scaled 1.01 shifted (-2.4, 6)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__ip,__vp) scaled 1.01 shifted (-2.4, 0)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__ip,__vp) scaled 1.01 shifted (-2.4,-6)}
 +    % proton 2
 +    \fmf{phantom}{iq,vq}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__iq,__vq) scaled 1.01 shifted (-2.4, 6)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__iq,__vq) scaled 1.01 shifted (-2.4, 0)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__iq,__vq) scaled 1.01 shifted (-2.4,-6)}
 +    % X
 +    \fmfshift{25 left}{x1}
 +    \fmfshift{20 left}{x2,x3}
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vp,x1} % to help \fmfi
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vp,x2} % to help \fmfi
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vp,x3} % to help \fmfi
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__vp,__x1) scaled 1.0 shifted (0.0, 2.0)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__vp,__x2) scaled 1.0 shifted (0.0, 0.0)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__vp,__x3) scaled 1.0 shifted (0.0,-2.0)}
 +    \fmfblob{25}{vp}
 +    % outgoing proton
 +    \fmfshift{25 left}{y1}
 +    \fmfshift{20 left}{y2,y3}
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vq,y1} % to help \fmfi
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vq,y2} % to help \fmfi
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vq,y3} % to help \fmfi
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__vq,__y1) scaled 1.0 shifted (0.0,-2.0)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__vq,__y2) scaled 1.0 shifted (0.0, 0.0)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__vq,__y3) scaled 1.0 shifted (0.0, 2.0)}
 +    \fmfblob{25}{vq}
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l=$\text{p}^+$,l.a=180,l.d=10}{ip}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\text{p}^+$,l.a=180,l.d=10}{iq}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\overline{\ell}$}{f1}
 +    \fmfv{l=$q$}{f2}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\ell$,l.a=-20}{o1}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=4,f=(.0,,.13,,.98),
 +          l=$\color{myblue}\lambda$,l.d=7,l.a=-10}{v2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lq_single_qll_protons.png ? 1000 }}
 +\\ \\ \\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,90)
 +    \fmfstraight
 +    \fmfleft{i2,i1}
 +    \fmfright{o2,l2,l1}
 +    % skeleton
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.8}{i1,v1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.1}{v1,l1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.6}{v1,v2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.8}{i2,v2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.1}{v2,o2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % gluon + quarks
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1}
 +    \fmf{photon}{i2,v2}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v2,o2}
 +    % LQs
 +    \fmf{dashes,tension=1.2,label=LQ,label.side=left}{v1,LQ}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v1,v2}
 +    % LQ -> lepton + quark
 +    \fmf{fermion}{l2,LQ,l1}
 +    \fmfshift{5 right}{l1,l2}
 +    \fmfshift{2 down}{l2}
 +    \fmfshift{20 left}{o2}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=160,l=$q$}{i1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-165,l=$\gamma$}{i2}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-20,l=$\ell$}{o2}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=20,l=$\overline{q}$}{l1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-10,l=$\overline{\ell}$}{l2}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=4,f=(.0,,.13,,.98),
 +          l=$\color{myblue}\lambda$,l.d=6,l.a=-45}{v1}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lq_single_qll_lepton-induced.png ? 250 }}
 +\\ \\ \\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(150,190)
 +    \fmfleft{i1,iq,i2,ip,i3}
 +    \fmfright{y1,y2,y3,d,o1,o2,f1,o3,f2,d,x3,x2,x1}
 +    \fmfset{arrow_len}{10}
 +    % skeleton
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.48}{vq,vp}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1.3}{ip,vp}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1.3}{iq,vq}
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vp,x1}
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vq,y1}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1.6}{vq,v2,v1,vp}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.7}{v1,o3}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.7}{v2,o2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % parton
 +    \fmf{fermion,t=1.6,lab=$q$}{vp,v1}
 +    \fmf{photon,t=1.6,lab=$\gamma$,l.d=3,l.s=left}{vq,v2}
 +    \fmf{fermion,t=1,lab=$\ell$,l.s=right}{v1,v2}
 +    \fmf{fermion,t=1}{v2,o1}
 +    % hard process
 +    \fmfshift{5 right}{f1,f2}
 +    \fmf{dashes,t=2,lab=LQ,l.d=3,l.s=left}{v1,vf}
 +    \fmf{fermion,t=1.4}{f1,vf,f2}
 +    %\fmf{fermion,t=1}{v2,o1}
 +    % proton 1
 +    \fmf{phantom}{ip,vp}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__ip,__vp) scaled 1.01 shifted (-2.4, 6)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__ip,__vp) scaled 1.01 shifted (-2.4, 0)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__ip,__vp) scaled 1.01 shifted (-2.4,-6)}
 +    % proton 2
 +    \fmf{phantom}{iq,vq}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__iq,__vq) scaled 1.01 shifted (-2.4, 6)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__iq,__vq) scaled 1.01 shifted (-2.4, 0)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__iq,__vq) scaled 1.01 shifted (-2.4,-6)}
 +    % X
 +    \fmfshift{25 left}{x1}
 +    \fmfshift{20 left}{x2,x3}
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vp,x1} % to help \fmfi
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vp,x2} % to help \fmfi
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vp,x3} % to help \fmfi
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__vp,__x1) scaled 1.0 shifted ( 0.0, 2.5)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__vp,__x2) scaled 1.0 shifted ( 0.0, 0.0)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__vp,__x3) scaled 1.0 shifted ( 0.0,-3.0)}
 +    \fmfblob{22}{vp}
 +    % outgoing proton
 +    \fmfshift{25 left}{y1}
 +    \fmfshift{20 left}{y2,y3}
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vq,y1} % to help \fmfi
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vq,y2} % to help \fmfi
 +    \fmf{phantom}{vq,y3} % to help \fmfi
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__vq,__y3) scaled 1.0 shifted (-1.5,-6.0)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__vq,__y3) scaled 1.0 shifted ( 0.0, 0.0)}
 +    \fmfi{fermion}{vpath (__vq,__y3) scaled 1.0 shifted ( 1.5, 6.0)}
 +    \fmfblob{22}{vq}
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l=$\text{p}^+$,l.a=180,l.d=10}{ip}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\text{p}^+$,l.a=180,l.d=10}{iq}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\text{p}^+$,l.a=-20,l.d=8}{y3}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\overline{\ell}$}{f1}
 +    \fmfv{l=$q$}{f2}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\ell$,l.a=-20}{o1}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=4,f=(.0,,.13,,.98),
 +          l=$\color{myblue}\lambda$,l.d=6,l.a=-45}{v1}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lq_single_qll_lepton-induced_protons.png ? 1000 }}
 +\\ \\ \\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +
 + ==== Nonresonant (t-channel) production ====
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(110,60)
 +    \fmfleft{i2,i1}
 +    \fmfright{o2,o1}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1,o1}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2,i2}
 +    \fmf{dashes,label=LQ,l.s=right,t=0.8}{v1,v2}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=150,l=$q$}{i1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=30,l=$\ell$}{o1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-150,l=$\overline{q}$}{i2}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-30,l=$\overline{\ell}$}{o2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 +\\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lq_t-channel_ll.png ? 250 }}
 +\\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,120)
 +    \fmfleft{d,d,g2,d,d,g1,d,d}
 +    \fmfright{b2,d,t2,d,d,t1,d,b1}
 +    % gluons
 +    \fmf{gluon,tension=1.8}{v1,g1}
 +    \fmf{gluon,tension=1.8}{g2,v2}
 +    \fmf{phantom}{v1,t1}
 +    \fmf{phantom}{v2,t2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % b quarks
 +    \fmf{fermion}{b2,v2,vl2}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{vl1,v1,b1}
 +    % LQ (t-channel)
 +    \fmf{dashes,tension=1,label=LQ,l.s=left}{vl1,vl2}
 +    % tau leptons
 +    \fmf{fermion}{t1,vl1}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{vl2,t2}
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l=$g$,l.a=160,l.d=6}{g1}
 +    \fmfv{l=$g$,l.a=-160,l.d=6}{g2}
 +    \fmfv{l=b,l.a=20,l.d=5}{b1}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\overline{\text{b}}$,l.a=-20,l.d=5}{b2}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\tau^+$,l.a=20,l.d=5}{t1}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\tau^-$,l.a=-5,l.d=5}{t2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 +\\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lq_t-channel_bbtautau.png ? 1000 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 + ===== Z' and W' =====
 +
 +Here are some examples of processes with Z' and W'.
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,60)
 +    \fmfset{arrow_len}{10}
 +    \fmfstraight
 +    \fmfleft{i3,i1}
 +    \fmfright{o3,o2,o1}
 +    % fermions
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1,o1}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{fermion,tension=1.5}{o3,v3,o2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.8}{i3,v3}
 +    \fmflabel{b}{i1}
 +    \fmflabel{c}{o1}
 +    \fmflabel{$\tau$}{o2}
 +    \fmflabel{$\nu_\tau$}{o3}
 +    % boson
 +    \fmf{boson,label=W$'$,label.side=left}{v3,v1}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 +\\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:wprime_b_ctaunu.png ? 250 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,60)
 +    \fmfset{arrow_len}{10}
 +    \fmfstraight
 +    \fmfleft{i3,i1}
 +    \fmfright{o3,o2,o1}
 +    % fermions
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1,o1}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{fermion,tension=1.5}{o3,v3,o2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=1.8}{i3,v3}
 +    \fmflabel{b}{i1}
 +    \fmflabel{s}{o1}
 +    \fmflabel{$\mu$}{o2}
 +    \fmflabel{$\mu$}{o3}
 +    % boson
 +    \fmf{boson,label=Z$'$,label.side=left}{v3,v1}
 +    \fmfblob{16}{v1}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:zprime_b_smumu.png ? 250 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(110,100)
 +    \fmfleft{i2,i1}
 +    \fmfright{o2,m2,m1,o1}
 +    \fmfshift{30 right}{m1,m2}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1,i2}
 +    \fmf{phantom}{o2,v2,o1}
 +    \fmf{boson,label=$\text{Z}/\gamma^*$,label.side=right}{v1,v2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{fermion}{o2,v2,z,o1}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{boson,label=$\text{Z}'$,label.side=left}{z,m}
 +    \fmf{fermion,tension=1.4}{m2,m,m1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,tension=0.6}{i2,m}
 +    \fmflabel{$\mu^-$}{m1}
 +    \fmflabel{$\mu^+$}{m2}
 +    \fmflabel{$\mu^-$}{o1}
 +    \fmflabel{$\mu^+$}{o2}
 +    \fmflabel{$q$}{i1}
 +    \fmflabel{$\overline{q}'$}{i2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 +\\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:zprime_4mu.png ? 450 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +
 +
 +
 + ===== SUSY =====
 +
 +More SUSY diagram are available [[https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/viewauth/CMS/SUSYSimplifiedModelDiagrams|here (images]] and [[https://github.com/CMS-SUS-XPAG/SUSYDiagrams|here (GitHub)]].
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP 55% column lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(80,120)
 +    %\fmfstraight
 +    \fmfleft{i2,b,i1}
 +    \fmfright{o4,o3,o2,o1}
 +    \fmftop{top}
 +    \fmfbottom{bot}
 +    % blob
 +    \fmfblob{16}{b}
 +    \fmf{dashes,tension=1.3,label=$\tilde{\text{t}}$,l.s=right}{v1,b}
 +    \fmf{dashes,tension=1.3,label=$\overline{\tilde{\text{t}}}$,l.s=right}{b,v2}
 +    % decay products
 +    %\fmf{phantom,tension=1.0}{top,v1}
 +    %\fmf{phantom,tension=1.0}{v2,bot}
 +    \fmfshift{16 down}{o1}
 +    \fmfshift{ 8 down}{o2}
 +    \fmfshift{ 8 up}{o3}
 +    \fmfshift{16 up}{o4}
 +    \fmf{dots,tension=1.8}{v1,o1}
 +    \fmf{fermion,tension=1.8}{o2,v1}
 +    \fmf{fermion,tension=1.8}{v2,o4}
 +    \fmf{dots,tension=1.8}{o3,v2}
 +    % labels
 +    \fmflabel{$\tilde{\chi}_1^0$}{o1}
 +    \fmflabel{$\overline{\text{t}}$}{o2}
 +    \fmflabel{$\tilde{\chi}_1^0$}{o3}
 +    \fmflabel{t}{o4}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP 40% column>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:susy_stop_pair_ttxx.png ? 250 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
  
  
Line 1916: Line 2531:
  ===== Ditau resonance in association with jets =====  ===== Ditau resonance in association with jets =====
  
-Tau pair resonance in association with two quarks, one of which is a b quark, in the t-channel:+Tau pair resonance in association with two quarks, one of which is a b quark, in the t-channel, like single top production:
  
 {{ latex:ditau_jets_t-channel_colored.png ? 400 }} {{ latex:ditau_jets_t-channel_colored.png ? 400 }}
Line 3113: Line 3728:
  
 Here are some proton-proton collisions with hard processes. Note the use of ''\fmfshift'' to shorten the proton debris lines, and make the hard process stick out, without changing the aspect ratio of diagram's other parts. Here are some proton-proton collisions with hard processes. Note the use of ''\fmfshift'' to shorten the proton debris lines, and make the hard process stick out, without changing the aspect ratio of diagram's other parts.
 +
 +Full code for a {{latex:feynman:proton-proton_collisions_hard_process.pdf|multipage PDF}} including all figures below can be found [[latex:feynman:pp_hard|here]].
  
 A generic proces: A generic proces:
Line 3208: Line 3825:
     % hard process     % hard process
     \fmfshift{20 right}{f1,f2}     \fmfshift{20 right}{f1,f2}
-    \fmfv{l=$\bar{f}$}{f1} +    \fmfv{l.a=-25,l.d=3,l=$\ell^+$}{f1} 
-    \fmfv{l=$f$}{f2}+    \fmfv{l.a=25,l.d=5,l=$\ell^-$}{f2}
     \fmf{boson,tension=2,label=$\text{Z}^0/\gamma^*$,label.side=left}{v,vf}     \fmf{boson,tension=2,label=$\text{Z}^0/\gamma^*$,label.side=left}{v,vf}
     \fmf{fermion,tension=2}{f1,vf,f2}     \fmf{fermion,tension=2}{f1,vf,f2}
Line 3251: Line 3868:
 </WRAP><WRAP half column 35%> </WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
-{{ latex:proton-proton_drell-yan.png ? 0x1000 }}+{{ latex:feynman:proton-proton_drell-yan.png ? 0x1000 }}
 \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
 </WRAP></WRAP> </WRAP></WRAP>
Line 3332: Line 3949:
  
 Diffractive processes involving a Pomeron, after [[https://arxiv.org/abs/1208.4968|this ALICE]], [[https://cds.cern.ch/record/2005230?ln=en|this CMS (FSQ-15-005)]] and [[https://cds.cern.ch/record/2194234?ln=en|this ATLAS (ATL-PHYS-PROC-2016-079)]] paper. Note the Pomeron symbol is made with ''${\rm I\!P}$'' instead of ''${\mathbb{P}$''. Diffractive processes involving a Pomeron, after [[https://arxiv.org/abs/1208.4968|this ALICE]], [[https://cds.cern.ch/record/2005230?ln=en|this CMS (FSQ-15-005)]] and [[https://cds.cern.ch/record/2194234?ln=en|this ATLAS (ATL-PHYS-PROC-2016-079)]] paper. Note the Pomeron symbol is made with ''${\rm I\!P}$'' instead of ''${\mathbb{P}$''.
 +
 +Full code for a {{latex:feynman:proton-proton_collisions_diffractive.pdf|multipage PDF}} including all figures below can be found [[latex:feynman:pp_diffractive|here]].
  
 Elastic scattering with Pomeron exchange: Elastic scattering with Pomeron exchange:
Line 3563: Line 4182:
  
  
 + ===== Anomalous momentum measurement (g-2) =====
 +
 +The text colors in the diagrams below are defined with the following in the preamble:
 +<code latex>
 +\usepackage{xcolor}
 +\definecolor{myblue}{rgb}{.1,.1,.7}
 +\definecolor{mygreen}{rgb}{.1,.6,.1}
 +</code>
 +
 +Tree level of photon-tautau vertex:
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\LARGE
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,100)
 +    \fmfbottom{f2,f1}
 +    \fmftop{g}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=1}{g,v}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{f2,v1}
 +    \fmf{plain,f=(.1,,.6,,.1),t=0.9}{v1,v,v2}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{v2,f1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-50,l.d=8,l=$\gamma$}{g}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-25,l=\color{mygreen}$\tau$}{f1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-155,l=\color{mygreen}$\tau$}{f2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{boson,right=0.36,label=$\gamma$,l.s=right}{v1,v2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +{{ latex:feynman:anomalous_momentum_tautau_loop_bent.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +Photon loop:
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\LARGE
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,100)
 +    \fmfbottom{f2,f1}
 +    \fmftop{g}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=1}{g,v}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{f2,v1}
 +    \fmf{plain,f=(.1,,.6,,.1),t=0.9}{v1,v,v2}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{v2,f1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-50,l.d=8,l=$\gamma$}{g}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-25,l=\color{mygreen}$\tau$}{f1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-155,l=\color{mygreen}$\tau$}{f2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{boson,right=0.36,label=$\gamma$,l.s=right}{v1,v2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +{{ latex:feynman:anomalous_momentum_tautau_loop.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +With vacuum polarization quark loop:
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\LARGE
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(160,120)
 +    \fmfbottom{f2,f1}
 +    \fmftop{g}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=1}{g,v}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{f2,v1}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1),t=0.6}{v1,v,v2}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{v2,f1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-50,l.d=8,l=$\gamma$}{g}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-25,l=\color{mygreen}$\tau$}{f1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-155,l=\color{mygreen}$\tau$}{f2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{boson,t=2}{v1,vl1}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=2}{vl2,v2}
 +    \fmf{fermion,left=1,tension=1,label=\Large$q$}{vl1,vl2,vl1}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +{{ latex:feynman:anomalous_momentum_tautau_quarkloop.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +Vertex with blob:
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\LARGE
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,100)
 +    \fmfbottom{f2,f1}
 +    \fmftop{g}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=1.3}{g,v}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{f2,v,f1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-25,l=\color{mygreen}$\tau$}{f1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-155,l=\color{mygreen}$\tau$}{f2}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=shaded,
 +          decor.size=28,f=(.1,,.1,,.7)}{v}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-50,l.d=8,l=$\gamma$}{g}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +{{ latex:feynman:anomalous_momentum_tautau_blob.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\LARGE
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,100)
 +    \fmfbottom{f2,f1}
 +    \fmftop{g}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=1.3}{g,v}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{f2,v,f1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-50,l.d=8,l=$\gamma$}{g}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-25,l=\color{mygreen}$\tau$}{f1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-155,l=\color{mygreen}$\tau$}{f2}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=empty,decor.size=35,
 +          f=(.1,,.1,,.7),b=(.92,,.92,,.98),l=\large\color{myblue}$g-2$,l.a=0,l.d=0}{v}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +{{ latex:feynman:anomalous_momentum_tautau_blob_g-2.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\LARGE
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(120,100)
 +    \fmfbottom{f2,f1}
 +    \fmftop{g}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=1}{g,v}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{f2,v1}
 +    \fmf{dashes,left=0.48,t=0.7}{v1,v}
 +    \fmf{dashes,left=0.48,t=0.7,l.d=1pt,label=\Large slepton}{v,v2}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{v2,f1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.3}{v2,v1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-25,l=\color{mygreen}$\tau$}{f1}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-155,l=\color{mygreen}$\tau$}{f2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{fermion,l.s=right,l.d=4,l.s=right,
 +         label=\huge$\substack{\text{dark}\\\text{matter}}$}{v1,v2}
 +    \fmfv{l.a=-50,l.d=8,l=$\gamma$}{g}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +{{ latex:feynman:anomalous_momentum_tautau_susy_dm.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +
 +
 + ===== Lepton flavor violating decays =====
 +
 +Some examples of lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays of heavy leptons (muon, tau),
 +which is possible in the Standard Model thanks to neutrino oscillations, but still heavily suppressed due to the small neutrino masses.
 +
 +LVF decay of a heavy leptons (muon, tau) to a lepton plus photon.
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \large
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(170,50)
 +    \fmfleft{i1,i2}
 +    \fmfright{o1,o2}
 +    \fmftop{t1,t2}
 +    % fermion lines
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1} % lepton line in
 +    \fmf{plain,l.d=3,label=$\nu_\ell$\;,t=1.5}{v1,x} % left neutrino line
 +    \fmf{plain,l.d=3,label=\;$\nu_{\ell'}$,t=1.5}{x,v2} % right neutrino line
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v2,o1} % lepton line out
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=cross,decor.size=10}{x} % cross
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % loop
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1}{vl,i2} % support left
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1.8}{vl,vr} % support middle
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1}{vr,o2} % support right
 +    \fmf{boson,left=0.25,t=1.2}{v1,vl,vr,v2} % loop
 +    % photon
 +    \fmfshift{30 left}{t2}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0}{vr,t2} % photon
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=180,l=$\ell^-$}{i1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=0,l=$\ell'^-$}{o1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=8,l.a=70,l=$\mathrm{W}^-$}{vl}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=15,l=$\gamma$}{t2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lfv_lepton_gamma.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +LVF decay of a heavy leptons (muon, tau) to a three leptons, which proceeds through a penguin diagram.
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \large
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(140,60)
 +    \fmfstraight
 +    \fmfleft{i1,i2,i3}
 +    \fmfright{o1,o2,o3}
 +    \fmftop{t1,t2}
 +    % fermion lines
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1} % lepton line in
 +    \fmf{plain,l.d=3,label=$\nu_\ell$\;,t=1.5}{v1,x} % left neutrino line
 +    \fmf{plain,l.d=3,label=\;$\nu_{\ell'}$,t=1.5}{x,v2} % right neutrino line
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v2,o1} % lepton line out
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=cross,decor.size=10}{x} % cross
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % loop
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1.7}{vl,i2} % support left
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=2.4}{vl,vr} % support middle
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1.7}{vr,o2} % support right
 +    \fmf{boson,left=0.25,t=0.7}{v1,vl,vr,v2} % loop
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % photon
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.9}{t1,vg} % support
 +    \fmfshift{5 right}{o2}
 +    \fmfshift{5 right}{o3}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=1,l.d=4,label=$\gamma$}{vr,vg} % photon
 +    \fmf{fermion,t=1.8}{o3,vg,o2} % fermion
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=180,l=$\ell^-$}{i1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=0,l=$\ell'^-$}{o1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=-10,l=$\ell'^-$}{o2}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=20,l=$\ell'^+$}{o3}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=8,l.a=70,l=$\mathrm{W}^-$}{vl}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lfv_lepton_3lepton.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +LVF decay of a heavy leptons (muon, tau) to a lepton and a photon through a LQ mediator.
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \large
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(170,50)
 +    \fmfleft{i1,i2}
 +    \fmfright{o1,o2}
 +    \fmftop{t1,t2}
 +    % fermion lines
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1} % lepton line in
 +    \fmf{fermion,l.d=6,label=$q$,t=0.75}{v1,v2} % quark line
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v2,o1} % lepton line out
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % loop
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1}{vl,i2} % support left
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1.8}{vl,vr} % support middle
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1}{vr,o2} % support right
 +    \fmf{boson,left=0.25,t=1.2}{v1,vl,vr,v2} % loop
 +    % photon
 +    \fmfshift{30 left}{t2}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0}{vr,t2} % photon
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=180,l=$\ell^-$}{i1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=0,l=$\ell'^-$}{o1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=7,l.a=110,l=LQ}{vl}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=15,l=$\gamma$}{t2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lfv_lepton_gamma_lq.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \large
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(170,35)
 +    \fmfleft{i1,i2}
 +    \fmfright{o1,o2}
 +    \fmftop{t1,t2}
 +    % fermion lines
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1} % lepton line in
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1.2}{v1,v} % support line
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=2.0}{v,v2} % support line
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v2,o1} % lepton line out
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % internal quark line
 +    \fmf{fermion,l.d=6,l.s=left,label=$q$,t=1}{v1,vm} % quark line
 +    \fmf{plain,t=8}{vm,v2} % quark line
 +    % loop
 +    \fmf{boson,right=0.9,t=1}{v1,v2} % loop
 +    % photon
 +    \fmfshift{30 left}{t2}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0}{v,t2} % photon
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=180,l=$\ell^-$}{i1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=0,l=$\ell'^-$}{o1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=22,l.a=-85,l=LQ}{v1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=15,l=$\gamma$}{t2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lfv_lepton_gamma_lq2.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \large
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(170,45)
 +    \fmfleft{i1,i2}
 +    \fmfright{o1,o2}
 +    \fmftop{t1,t2}
 +    % fermion lines
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1} % lepton line in
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.85}{v1,v2}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v2,o1} % lepton line out
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % loop top
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1}{vtl,i2} % support left
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.6}{vtl,vtr} % support middle
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1}{vtr,o2} % support right
 +    \fmf{plain,left=0.26,t=1.6}{v1,vtl} % support loop
 +    \fmf{fermion,left=0.26,t=1.6,l.d=5,label=$q$}{vtl,vtr} % fermion loop
 +    \fmf{plain,left=0.26,t=1.6}{vtr,v2} % quark loop
 +    % loop bottom
 +    \fmf{boson,right=1,t=1,label=LQ}{v1,v2} % LQ loop
 +    % photon
 +    \fmfshift{30 left}{t2}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0}{vtr,t2} % photon
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=180,l=$\ell^-$}{i1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=0,l=$\ell'^-$}{o1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=20,l=$\gamma$}{t2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lfv_lepton_gamma_lq3.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +LVF decay of a heavy leptons (muon, tau) to a three leptons through a LQ mediator.
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \large
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(140,60)
 +    \fmfstraight
 +    \fmfleft{i1,i2,i3}
 +    \fmfright{o1,o2,o3}
 +    \fmftop{t1,t2}
 +    % fermion lines
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1} % lepton line in
 +    \fmf{fermion,l.d=6,label=$q$,t=0.75}{v1,v2} % quark line
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v2,o1} % lepton line out
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % loop
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1.7}{vl,i2} % support left
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=2.4}{vl,vr} % support middle
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1.7}{vr,o2} % support right
 +    \fmf{boson,left=0.25,t=0.7}{v1,vl,vr,v2} % loop
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % photon
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.9}{t1,vg} % support
 +    \fmfshift{5 right}{o2}
 +    \fmfshift{5 right}{o3}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=1,l.d=4,label=$\gamma$}{vr,vg} % photon
 +    \fmf{fermion,t=1.8}{o3,vg,o2} % fermion
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=180,l=$\ell^-$}{i1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=0,l=$\ell'^-$}{o1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=-10,l=$\ell'^-$}{o2}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=20,l=$\ell'^+$}{o3}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=8,l.a=70,l=LQ}{vl}
 +    %\fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=15,l=$\gamma$}{t2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lfv_lepton_3lepton_lq.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \large
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(150,50)
 +    \fmfstraight
 +    \fmfleft{i1,i2,i3}
 +    \fmfright{o1,o2,o3}
 +    % fermion lines
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i1,v1} % lepton line in
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1.2}{v1,v} % support line
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=2.0}{v,v2} % support line
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v2,o1} % lepton line out
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % internal quark line
 +    \fmf{fermion,l.d=6,l.s=left,label=$q$,t=1}{v1,vm} % quark line
 +    \fmf{plain,t=8}{vm,v2} % quark line
 +    % loop
 +    \fmf{boson,right=0.9,t=1}{v1,v2} % loop
 +    % photon -> 2 leptons
 +    \fmf{boson,t=1,l.d=3,l.s=left,label=$\gamma$}{v,vg} % photon
 +    \fmf{fermion,t=1.6}{o3,vg,o2} % lepton lines
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1}{i3,vg} % support line
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=180,l=$\ell^-$}{i1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=0,l=$\ell'^-$}{o1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=0,l=$\ell'^-$}{o2}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=0,l=$\ell'^+$}{o3}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=22,l.a=-85,l=LQ}{v1}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lfv_lepton_3lepton_lq2.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \large
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(130,100)
 +    \fmfleft{i1,i2,i3}
 +    \fmfright{o1,o2,o3}
 +    \fmftop{t1,t2}
 +    \fmfbottom{b1,b2}
 +    % fermion lines
 +    \fmf{fermion}{i2,v1} % lepton line in
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.9}{v1,v2}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{v2,o2} % lepton line out
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % loop top
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1}{vtl,i3} % support left
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.6}{vtl,vtr} % support middle
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1}{vtr,o3} % support right
 +    \fmf{phantom,left=0.26,t=1.5}{v1,vtl,vtr} % support loop
 +    \fmf{fermion,left=0.26,t=1.5,label=$q$}{vtr,v2} % quark loop
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{boson,left=0.57,t=1,l.d=3,label=LQ}{v1,vtr} % LQ loop
 +    % loop bottom
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1}{vbl,i1} % support left
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.6}{vbl,vbr} % support middle
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=1}{vbr,o1} % support right
 +    \fmf{phantom,right=0.26,t=1.5}{v1,vbl,vbr} % support loop
 +    \fmf{boson,right=0.26,t=1.5,l.d=3,label=LQ}{vbr,v2} % LQ loop
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{fermion,right=0.57,t=1,label=$q$}{v1,vbr} % quark loop
 +    % fermion
 +    %\fmfshift{10 right}{o1}
 +    %\fmfshift{10 right}{o3}
 +    \fmf{fermion,t=0}{vbr,o1} % fermion
 +    \fmf{fermion,t=0}{o3,vtr} % fermion
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=180,l=$\ell^-$}{i2}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=0,l=$\ell'^-$}{o2}
 +    %\fmfv{l.d=7,l.a=110,l=LQ}{vtl}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=-15,l=$\ell'^-$}{o1}
 +    \fmfv{l.d=5,l.a=20,l=$\ell'^+$}{o3}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\ \\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:lfv_lepton_3lepton_lq_loop.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 + ===== Ultra-peripheral lead-lead collisions =====
 +
 +The text colors in the diagrams below are defined with the following in the preamble:
 +<code latex>
 +\usepackage{xcolor}
 +\definecolor{myblue}{rgb}{.1,.1,.7}
 +\definecolor{myred}{rgb}{.4,.1,.1}
 +\definecolor{mylightred}{rgb}{.9,.1,.1}
 +\definecolor{mygreen}{rgb}{.1,.6,.1}
 +\definecolor{myorange}{rgb}{.9,.7,.2}
 +</code>
 +
 +Measuring the anomalous momentum (g-2) of tau leptons in electron-positron (e+e-) collisions:
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\Large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(150,100)
 +    \fmfleft{iq,im,ip}
 +    \fmfright{oq,t2,m,t1,op}
 +    % lead 1
 +    \fmf{fermion}{ip,vp,op}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.3}{ip,vp}
 +    % lead 2
 +    \fmf{fermion}{iq,vq,oq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.3}{iq,vq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.2}{vp,vq}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % mediators
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.15}{vt1,im,vt2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.45}{vt1,vt2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{vt1,t1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=4,l.s=right}{vp,vt1}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=3,l.s=left}{vq,vt2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % taus
 +    \fmf{fermion,t=4,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1,label=\color{mygreen}$\tau$,l.s=left,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt2,vt1}
 +    \fmf{fermion,t=4,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt1,t1}
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut e$^-$,l.a=160,l.d=4}{ip}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut e$^-$,l.a=20,l.d=5}{op}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut e$^+$,l.a=-160,l.d=4}{iq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut e$^+$,l.a=-20,l.d=5}{oq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut\color{mygreen}$\tau^+$,l.a=0,l.d=5}{t1}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut\color{mygreen}$\tau^-$,l.a=0,l.d=5}{t2}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=4,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1)}{vp}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=4,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1)}{vq}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4}{vt1}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4}{vt2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:ee_tautau_green.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +
 +Ultra-peripheral lead-lead collisions (UPC) to measure the anomalous momentum (g-2) for tau leptons:
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\Large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(150,100)
 +    \fmfleft{iq,im,ip}
 +    \fmfright{oq,t2,m,t1,op}
 +    % lead 1
 +    \fmf{phantom}{ip,vp,op}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.3}{ip,vp}
 +    % lead 2
 +    \fmf{phantom}{iq,vq,oq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.3}{iq,vq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.2}{vp,vq}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % mediators
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.15}{vt1,im,vt2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.45}{vt1,vt2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{vt1,t1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=4,l.s=right}{vp,vt1}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=3,l.s=left}{vq,vt2}
 +    \fmf{double,width=1.9}{ip,vp,op}
 +    \fmf{double,width=1.9}{iq,vq,oq}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % taus
 +    \fmf{fermion}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{plain,label=$\tau$\!,l.s=left}{vt2,vt1}
 +    \fmf{fermion}{vt1,t1}
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=160,l.d=6}{ip}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=20,l.d=5}{op}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-160,l.d=6}{iq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-20,l.d=5}{oq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut$\tau^+$,l.a=10,l.d=5}{t1}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut$\tau^-$,l.a=-10,l.d=5}{t2}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=4}{vt1}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=4}{vt2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:pbpb_tautau.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\Large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(150,100)
 +    \fmfleft{iq,im,ip}
 +    \fmfright{oq,t2,m,t1,op}
 +    % lead 1
 +    \fmf{phantom}{ip,vp,op}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.3}{ip,vp}
 +    % lead 2
 +    \fmf{phantom}{iq,vq,oq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.3}{iq,vq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.2}{vp,vq}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__ip,__vp)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__vp,__op)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__iq,__vq)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__vq,__oq)}
 +    % mediators
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.15}{vt1,im,vt2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.45}{vt1,vt2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{vt1,t1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=4,l.s=right}{vp,vt1}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=3,l.s=left}{vq,vt2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % taus
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{plain,label=\color{mygreen}$\tau$\!,l.s=left,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt2,vt1}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt1,t1}
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=160,l.d=6}{ip}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=20,l.d=5}{op}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-160,l.d=6}{iq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-20,l.d=5}{oq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut\color{mygreen}$\tau^+$,l.a=10,l.d=5}{t1}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut\color{mygreen}$\tau^-$,l.a=-10,l.d=5}{t2}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=6,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1),
 +          l=$\color{myred}Ze$,l.a=90,l.d=8}{vp}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=6,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1),
 +          l=$\color{myred}Ze$,l.a=-90,l.d=8}{vq}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4}{vt1}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4}{vt2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:pbpb_tautau_green.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\Large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(150,100)
 +    \fmfleft{iq,im,ip}
 +    \fmfright{oq,t2,m,t1,op}
 +    % lead 1
 +    \fmf{phantom}{ip,vp,op}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.3}{ip,vp}
 +    % lead 2
 +    \fmf{phantom}{iq,vq,oq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.3}{iq,vq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.2}{vp,vq}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__ip,__vp)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__vp,__op)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__iq,__vq)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__vq,__oq)}
 +    % mediators
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.15}{vt1,im,vt2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.45}{vt1,vt2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{vt1,t1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=4,l.s=right}{vp,vt1}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=3,l.s=left}{vq,vt2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % taus
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{plain,label=\color{mygreen}$\tau$\!,l.s=left,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt2,vt1}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt1,t1}
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=160,l.d=6}{ip}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=20,l.d=5}{op}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-160,l.d=6}{iq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-20,l.d=5}{oq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut\color{mygreen}$\tau^+$,l.a=10,l.d=5}{t1}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut\color{mygreen}$\tau^-$,l.a=-10,l.d=5}{t2}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=6,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1),
 +          l=$\color{myred}Ze$,l.a=90,l.d=8}{vp}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=6,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1),
 +          l=$\color{myred}Ze$,l.a=-90,l.d=8}{vq}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4,
 +          l=\large$\color{myblue}\delta a_\tau$,l.d=3,l.a=-40}{vt1}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4,
 +          l=\large$\color{myblue}\delta a_\tau$,l.d=3,l.a=40}{vt2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:pbpb_tautau_green_da.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +With a blob for new physics:
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\Large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(150,100)
 +    \fmfleft{iq,im,ip}
 +    \fmfright{oq,t2,m,t1,op}
 +    % proton 1
 +    \fmf{phantom}{ip,vp,op}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{ip,vp}
 +    % proton 2
 +    \fmf{phantom}{iq,vq,oq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{iq,vq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.2}{vp,vq}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__ip,__vp)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__vp,__op)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__iq,__vq)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__vq,__oq)}
 +    % mediators
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.15}{vt1,im,vt2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.45}{vt1,vt2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.7}{vt1,t1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.7}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=4,l.s=right}{vp,vt1}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=3,l.s=left}{vq,vt2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % taus
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{plain,label=\color{mygreen}$\tau$,l.s=left,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt2,vt1}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt1,t1}
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=160,l.d=6}{ip}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=20,l.d=5}{op}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-160,l.d=6}{iq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-20,l.d=5}{oq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut\color{mygreen}$\tau^+$,l.a=10,l.d=5}{t1}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut\color{mygreen}$\tau^-$,l.a=-10,l.d=5}{t2}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=6,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1),
 +          l=$\color{myred}Ze$,l.a=90,l.d=8}{vp}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=6,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1),
 +          l=$\color{myred}Ze$,l.a=-90,l.d=8}{vq}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4,
 +          l=\;\large$\color{myblue}\delta a_\tau$,l.d=5,l.a=-25}{vt1}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4,
 +          l=\;\large$\color{myblue}\delta a_\tau$,l.d=5,l.a=25}{vt2}
 +    \fmfblob{18}{vt2,vt1}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:pbpb_tautau_green_blob.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +UPC with neutron emission from electromagnetic dissociation (EMD):
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\Large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(150,100)
 +    \fmfleft{iq,im,ip}
 +    \fmfright{oq,d,t2,m,t1,n,op}
 +    \fmfshift{7 right}{op}
 +    \fmfshift{7 right}{oq}
 +    \fmfshift{5 up}{op}
 +    \fmfshift{4 up}{n}
 +    \fmfshift{5 down}{oq}
 +    % lead 1
 +    \fmf{phantom}{ip,vp,op}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.4}{ip,vp}
 +    % lead 2
 +    \fmf{phantom}{iq,vq,oq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.4}{iq,vq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.2}{vp,vq}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{phantom,label=\:Pb$^*$,l.s=left}{vp,vn} % excited Pb
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.9}{vn,op} % relaxed Pb
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.1}{vn,n} % neutron
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__ip,__vp)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__vp,__op)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.3}{vpath (__vn,__n)} % neutron
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__iq,__vq)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__vq,__oq)}
 +    % mediators
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.15}{vt1,im,vt2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.65}{vt1,vt2} % t-channel
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.6}{vt1,t1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.6}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=4,l.s=right}{vp,vt1}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=3,l.s=left}{vq,vt2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % taus
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{plain,label=\color{mygreen}$\tau$,l.d=4,l.s=left,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt2,vt1}
 +    \fmf{fermion,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt1,t1}
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l=n$^0$,l.a=10,l.d=6}{n} % neutron
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=160,l.d=6}{ip}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=20,l.d=5}{op}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-160,l.d=6}{iq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-20,l.d=5}{oq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut\color{mygreen}$\tau^+$,l.a=10,l.d=5}{t1}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut\color{mygreen}$\tau^-$,l.a=-10,l.d=5}{t2}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=6,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1),
 +          l=$\color{myred}Ze$\;\;,l.a=110,l.d=9}{vp}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=6,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1),
 +          l=$\color{myred}Ze$,l.a=-90,l.d=8}{vq}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4}{vt1}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4}{vt2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:pbpb_tautauneutron_green.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +UPC with a pair of tau leptons decaying into a muon and hadrons ("mutau" decay channel):
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\Large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(150,100)
 +    \fmfleft{iq,im,ip}
 +    \fmfright{oq,n3,p3,p2,p1,n2,n1,m1,op}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{m1}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{n1}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{n2}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{p1}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{p2}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{p3}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{n3}
 +    % proton 1
 +    \fmf{phantom}{ip,vp,op}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{ip,vp}
 +    % proton 2
 +    \fmf{phantom}{iq,vq,oq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{iq,vq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.2}{vp,vq}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__ip,__vp)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__vp,__op)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__iq,__vq)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__vq,__oq)}
 +    % mediators
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.05}{vt1,im,vt2} % pull left
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.45}{vt1,vt2} % pull together
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.6}{vt1,t1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.6}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{t1,t2} % pull together
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.8}{t2,oq} % pull right
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.8}{t1,op} % pull right
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=4,l.s=right}{vp,vt1}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=3,l.s=left}{vq,vt2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % taus
 +    \fmf{fermion,label=$\tau$,l.s=right}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{plain,label=$\tau$\!,l.s=left}{vt2,vt1}
 +    \fmf{fermion,label=$\tau$,l.s=left}{vt1,t1}
 +    % tau decay 1
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1}{p1,t2}
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1}{t2,p2}
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1}{p3,t2}
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1}{n3,t2}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\pi^\mp$,l.a=0,l.d=5}{p1}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\pi^\pm$,l.a=0,l.d=5}{p2}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\pi^\mp$,l.a=0,l.d=5}{p3}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\overline\nu_\tau$,l.a=-20,l.d=5}{n3}
 +    % tau decay 2
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1}{t1,n1}
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1}{t1,n2}
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1}{t1,m1}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\mu^\pm$,l.a=20,l.d=5}{m1}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\nu_\tau$,l.a=0,l.d=5}{n1}
 +    \fmfv{l=$\nu_\mu$,l.a=0,l.d=5}{n2}
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=160,l.d=6}{ip}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=20,l.d=5}{op}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-160,l.d=6}{iq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-20,l.d=5}{oq}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=6,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1),
 +          l=$\color{myred}Ze$,l.a=90,l.d=8}{vp}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=6,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1),
 +          l=$\color{myred}Ze$,l.a=-90,l.d=8}{vq}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4,
 +          l=\large$\color{myblue}\delta a_\tau$,l.d=3,l.a=-40}{vt1}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4,
 +          l=\large$\color{myblue}\delta a_\tau$,l.d=3,l.a=40}{vt2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:pbpb_tautau_mutau_3p_blue.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
 +
 +<WRAP group><WRAP half column 60% lo>
 +<code latex>
 +\Large
 +\begin{fmffile}{feyngraph}
 +  \begin{fmfgraph*}(150,100)
 +    \fmfleft{iq,im,ip}
 +    \fmfright{oq,n3,p3,p2,p1,n2,n1,m1,op}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{m1}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{n1}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{n2}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{p1}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{p2}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{p3}
 +    \fmfshift{8 right}{n3}
 +    % proton 1
 +    \fmf{phantom}{ip,vp,op}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{ip,vp}
 +    % proton 2
 +    \fmf{phantom}{iq,vq,oq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{iq,vq}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.2}{vp,vq}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__ip,__vp)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__vp,__op)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__iq,__vq)}
 +    \fmfi{double,width=1.9}{vpath (__vq,__oq)}
 +    % mediators
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.05}{vt1,im,vt2} % pull left
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.45}{vt1,vt2} % pull together
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.6}{vt1,t1}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.6}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.5}{t1,t2} % pull together
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.8}{t2,oq} % pull right
 +    \fmf{phantom,t=0.8}{t1,op} % pull right
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=4,l.s=right}{vp,vt1}
 +    \fmf{boson,t=0.7,label=$\gamma$,l.d=3,l.s=left}{vq,vt2}
 +    \fmffreeze
 +    % taus
 +    \fmf{fermion,label=\color{mygreen}$\tau$,l.s=right,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt2,t2}
 +    \fmf{plain,label=\color{mygreen}$\tau$\!,l.s=left,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt2,vt1}
 +    \fmf{fermion,label=\color{mygreen}$\tau$,l.s=left,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{vt1,t1}
 +    % tau decay 1
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1,f=(.9,,.7,,.2)}{p1,t2}
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1,f=(.9,,.7,,.2)}{t2,p2}
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1,f=(.9,,.7,,.2)}{p3,t2}
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{n3,t2}
 +    \fmfv{l=\color{myorange}$\pi^\mp$,l.a=0,l.d=5}{p1}
 +    \fmfv{l=\color{myorange}$\pi^\pm$,l.a=0,l.d=5}{p2}
 +    \fmfv{l=\color{myorange}$\pi^\mp$,l.a=0,l.d=5}{p3}
 +    \fmfv{l=\color{mygreen}$\overline\nu_\tau$,l.a=-20,l.d=5}{n3}
 +    % tau decay 2
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{t1,n1}
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1,f=(.1,,.6,,.1)}{t1,n2}
 +    \fmf{plain,t=1,f=(.9,,.1,,.1)}{t1,m1}
 +    \fmfv{l=\color{mylightred}$\mu^\pm$,l.a=20,l.d=5}{m1}
 +    \fmfv{l=\color{mygreen}$\nu_\tau$,l.a=0,l.d=5}{n1}
 +    \fmfv{l=\color{mygreen}$\nu_\mu$,l.a=0,l.d=5}{n2}
 +    % labels
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=160,l.d=6}{ip}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=20,l.d=5}{op}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-160,l.d=6}{iq}
 +    \fmfv{l=\strut Pb,l.a=-20,l.d=5}{oq}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=6,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1),
 +          l=$\color{myred}Ze$,l.a=90,l.d=8}{vp}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,decor.filled=full,decor.size=6,f=(0.4,,0.1,,0.1),
 +          l=$\color{myred}Ze$,l.a=-90,l.d=8}{vq}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4,
 +          l=\large$\color{myblue}\delta a_\tau$,l.d=3,l.a=-40}{vt1}
 +    \fmfv{decor.shape=circle,f=(0.1,,0.1,,0.7),decor.filled=full,decor.size=4,
 +          l=\large$\color{myblue}\delta a_\tau$,l.d=3,l.a=40}{vt2}
 +  \end{fmfgraph*}
 +\end{fmffile}
 +</code>
 +</WRAP><WRAP half column 35%>
 +\\ \\
 +{{ latex:feynman:pbpb_tautau_mutau_3p_color.png ? 0x1000 }}
 +\\ \\ \\
 +</WRAP></WRAP>
  ===== Penguin diagrams =====  ===== Penguin diagrams =====
  
latex/feynman.1530719721.txt.gz · Last modified: by iwn