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Simple example of 3D axes with spherical coordinates. You can find more diagrams of CMS conventional coordinate system at https://tikz.net/axis3d_cms/, and more figures related to Particle Physics at https://tikz.net/category/physics/particle-physics/.

axes3D.tex

% Author: Izaak Neutelings (June 2017)
% taken from https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/159445/draw-in-cylindrical-and-spherical-coordinates
 
\documentclass{article} 
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\tikzset{>=latex} % for LaTeX arrow head
 
% split figures into pages
\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}
\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
\setlength\PreviewBorder{1pt}%
 
\begin{document}
 
 
 
% 3D axis with spherical coordinates
\tdplotsetmaincoords{60}{110}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=3,tdplot_main_coords]
 
  % variables
  \def\rvec{.8}
  \def\thetavec{30}
  \def\phivec{60}
 
  % axes
  \coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);
  \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (1,0,0) node[anchor=north east]{$x$};
  \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,1,0) node[anchor=north west]{$y$};
  \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,1) node[anchor=south]{$z$};
 
  % vectors
  \tdplotsetcoord{P}{\rvec}{\thetavec}{\phivec}
  \draw[-stealth,red] (O)  -- (P) node[above right] {$P$};
  \draw[dashed,red]   (O)  -- (Pxy);
  \draw[dashed,red]   (P)  -- (Pxy);
  \draw[dashed,red]   (Py) -- (Pxy);
 
  % arcs
  \tdplotdrawarc[->]{(O)}{0.2}{0}{\phivec}
    {anchor=north}{$\phi$}
  \tdplotsetthetaplanecoords{\phivec}
  \tdplotdrawarc[->,tdplot_rotated_coords]{(0,0,0)}{0.5}{0}{\thetavec}
    {anchor=south west}{$\theta$}
 
\end{tikzpicture}
 
 
 
% CMS conventional coordinate system with LHC and other detectors
\tdplotsetmaincoords{75}{50} % to reset previous setting
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2.7,tdplot_main_coords,rotate around x=90]
 
  % variables
  \def\rvec{1.2}
  \def\thetavec{40}
  \def\phivec{70}
  \def\R{1.1}
  \def\w{0.3}
 
  % axes
  \coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);
  \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (1,0,0) node[below left]{$x$};
  \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,1,0) node[below right]{$y$};
  \draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,1) node[below right]{$z$};
  \tdplotsetcoord{P}{\rvec}{\thetavec}{\phivec}
 
  % vectors
  \draw[->,red] (O) -- (P) node[above left] {$P$};
  \draw[dashed,red] (O)  -- (Pxy);
  \draw[dashed,red] (P)  -- (Pxy);
  \draw[dashed,red] (Py) -- (Pxy);
 
  % circle - LHC
  \tdplotdrawarc[thick,rotate around x=90,black!70!blue]{(\R,0,0)}{\R}{0}{360}{}{}
 
  % compass - the line between CMS and ATLAS has a ~12° declination (http://googlecompass.com)
  \begin{scope}[shift={(1.1*\R,0,1.65*\R)},rotate around y=12]
    \draw[<->,black!50] (-\w,0,0) -- (\w,0,0);
    \draw[<->,black!50] (0,0,-\w) -- (0,0,\w);
    \node[above left,black!50,scale=0.6] at (-\w,0,0) {N};
  \end{scope}
 
  % nodes
  \node[left,align=center] at (0,0,1.1) {Jura};
  \node[right] at (\R,0,0) {LHC};
  \fill[radius=0.8pt,black!20!red]
    (O) circle node[left=4pt,below=2pt] {CMS};
  \draw[thick] (0.02,0,0) -- (0.5,0,0); % partially overdraw x-axis and CMS point
  \fill[radius=0.8pt,black!20!blue]
    (2*\R,0,0) circle
    node[right=4pt,below=2pt,scale=0.9] {ATLAS};
  \fill[radius=0.8pt,black!10!orange]
    ({\R*sqrt(2)/2+\R},0,{ \R*sqrt(2)/2}) circle
    node[left=2pt,below=2pt,scale=0.8] {ALICE};
  \fill[radius=0.8pt,black!60!green]
    ({\R*sqrt(2)/2+\R},0,{-\R*sqrt(2)/2}) circle
    node[below=2pt,right=2pt,scale=0.8] {LHCb};
 
  % arcs
  \tdplotdrawarc[->]{(O)}{0.2}{0}{\phivec}
    {above=2pt,right=-1pt,anchor=mid west}{$\phi$}
  \tdplotdrawarc[->,rotate around z=\phivec-90,rotate around y=-90]{(0,0,0)}{0.5}{0}{\thetavec}
    {anchor=mid east}{$\theta$}
 
\end{tikzpicture}
 
 
 
\end{document}